Chronic knee pain can significantly impact one’s quality of life, limiting mobility and daily activities. While surgical interventions like knee replacement are common solutions, many patients seek non-invasive alternatives to manage their discomfort. One such advanced treatment is genicular artery embolisation (GAE), an innovative procedure offered by specialists in interventional radiology.
This article explores how GAE works, its benefits, and why it is becoming a preferred option for relieving knee pain effectively.
What is Genicular Artery Embolisation?
Genicular artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that targets the small arteries (genicular arteries) supplying blood to the knee joint. This technique is primarily used to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis. By reducing blood flow to the inflamed synovium, the procedure can significantly improve knee function and quality of life for patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. It is a promising alternative to traditional surgical interventions, offering a less invasive and potentially more effective treatment option.
How Does GAE Work?
Targeting Inflamed Vessels
Chronic knee pain often stems from increased blood flow and inflammation in the genicular arteries.
Blocking Excess Blood Flow
During GAE, a radiologist uses specialised materials to block these arteries partially, reducing inflammation and pain.
Restoring Balance
By minimising excess blood flow, the procedure helps normalise the joint environment, promoting pain relief and improved mobility.
The Role of Interventional Radiology in GAE
Interventional radiology is a medical specialty that utilises advanced imaging techniques to perform precise, minimally invasive procedures.
Why Choose an Interventional Radiologist for GAE?
- Expert Guidance: Interventional radiologists use imaging tools like fluoroscopy and angiography to visualise the arteries in real time.
- Minimally Invasive: The procedure requires only a small incision, reducing the risk of complications.
- High Precision: Advanced imaging ensures the treatment targets the exact source of pain.
Who Can Benefit from GAE?
GAE is an effective treatment option for individuals suffering from chronic knee pain caused by:
- Osteoarthritis: The most common condition treated with GAE.
- Post-Surgical Pain: Persistent discomfort after knee surgery.
- Inflammatory Conditions: Such as synovitis, where inflammation contributes to joint pain.
Ideal Candidates
- Individuals seeking a non-surgical treatment for knee pain.
- Patients who have not responded to conservative therapies like physiotherapy or medication.
- Those with mild to moderate arthritis looking to delay or avoid surgery.
Benefits of Genicular Artery Embolisation
GAE offers several advantages compared to traditional surgical options:
Minimally Invasive
Unlike knee replacement surgery, GAE does not involve large incisions or significant downtime.
Quick Recovery
Most patients return to normal activities within a few days, as the procedure has minimal recovery time.
Long-Lasting Relief
GAE effectively reduces pain and inflammation, with many patients experiencing significant improvements for months or even years.
Safe and Effective
Studies have shown GAE to be a safe procedure with a low risk of complications.
Cost-Effective
Compared to surgery, GAE is typically less expensive and requires fewer resources.
What to Expect During the Procedure
Understanding what happens during GAE can help patients feel more comfortable and prepared.
The Process
Consultation and Imaging
Your interventional radiologist will review your medical history and perform imaging to determine if GAE is suitable.
Preparation
The procedure is performed under local anaesthesia, so you remain awake but comfortable.
Catheter Insertion
A small catheter is inserted into the artery through a tiny incision, typically near the groin.
Guided Embolisation
Using real-time imaging, the radiologist guides the catheter to the genicular arteries and injects embolic material to reduce blood flow.
Completion
The catheter is removed, and the incision is closed with minimal or no stitches.
Duration
The entire procedure usually takes 1–2 hours, and patients are often discharged the same day.
Post-Procedure Care
Following GAE, it’s essential to follow your doctor’s recommendations to ensure optimal recovery.
Immediate Aftercare
- Rest for 24–48 hours to allow the treated area to heal.
- Use an ice pack to reduce swelling or discomfort at the incision site.
Long-Term Care
- Gradually resume light activities and avoid strenuous exercise for at least a week.
- Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joint.
- Continue physiotherapy or other prescribed treatments to strengthen the joint.
How Effective is GAE?
GAE has shown promising results in clinical studies and real-world applications:
- Pain Reduction: Most patients report significant pain relief within weeks of the procedure.
- Improved Mobility: Reduced inflammation allows for greater joint flexibility and function.
- Delay in Surgery: Many patients can postpone or avoid knee replacement surgery altogether.
Why Choose Genicular Artery Embolisation?
For patients seeking relief from chronic knee pain, genicular artery embolisation offers a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to surgery. With the expertise of specialists in interventional radiology, this innovative procedure can help you regain mobility and improve your quality of life.
If you’re considering GAE, consult with a qualified interventional radiologist to determine if it’s the right option for you. By addressing pain at its source, GAE represents a significant advancement in non-surgical knee pain management. It’s a minimally invasive procedure that can provide long-lasting relief for patients with knee osteoarthritis who haven’t found relief with other treatments.
